Source 2 extracts from a foreign office report on reactions to the truman doctrine expressed in the newspapers in belgium, march 1947. Students will use their prior knowledge about the cold war to fillin the blanks of a cloze reading worksheet about the beginning of the cold war. Cold war powerpoint copies of cold war timeline copies of cold war documents ad copies of guiding questions plan of instruction. Conant, members of the board of overseers, ladies and gentlemen.
On this day in 1947 the marshall plan was initiated. The soviet press claimed that the marshall plan was an americanrun program and denigrated the idea as a plan for interference in the domestic affairs of other countries. A new period of conflict between the two powersknown as the cold. The cold war world unit is suitable for 9th 12th grade. The marshall plan was designed to accomplish these goals through achievement of. The cold war was mostly fought with words and threats rather than violent acts. This 2page handout is perfect to obtain prior knowledge from your students about the cold war. Marshall issued a call for a comprehensive program to rebuild europe. Containment cold war reading with questions free to. The cold war pitted east against west, pushing the world to the brink of nuclear war.
The struggle between communism and capitalism defined the second half of the 20th century. As a part of its future of american power series, the german marshall fund of the united states gmf invites you to a conversation with dr. Cold war, marshal plan, truman doctrine flashcards quizlet. Aerial intelligence during the cold war these documents focus on aerial intelligence operations during the eisenhower administration. The plan was conceived by the state department under then secretary of state, george c. Although there was no direct confrontation between the two powers, the conflict was to lead the world to the brink of nuclear war. The soviets were concerned about potential us economic domination over their eastern satellites, and stalin refused to open up his secret society to westerners. John maynard keynes, harry dexter white, and the making of a new world order, was called a triumph of economic and diplomatic history by the financial times, a. I am profoundly grateful, touched by the great distinction and honor and great compliment accorded me by the authorities of harvard this morning. Some of these documents have been edited for the purpose of these exercises. Announced on june 5th, 1947 by george marshall, the european recovery program, erp, called for a system of aid and loans, at first to all nations affected by the war.
The marshall plan use site 1 to answer the following. In the end, the marshall plan, announced in 1947 and launched in 1948, led to the creation of nato in 1949, injecting a strong military element into the cold war. The wartime alliance between the soviet union and the united states was ending. On june 5, 1947 in a commencement address at harvard university, secretary of state george c. The us, also terrified that communist groups would gain further powerthe cold war was emerging and soviet domination of europe seemed a real dangerand wishing to secure european markets, opted for a program of financial aid. Henry kissinger recalls the content of marshalls 1947 commencement address, which marked a historic departure in american foreign policy.
From that essay, it would appear that the historiography of the cold war has advanced a great deal, but remains more focused on diplomacy, military rivalry, and blame than on the internal politics to which it. Marshall as a vehicle to promote european recovery from world war ii and foster unity against. Marshall third from right talks with harvard president james bryant conant on the steps of widener library during harvards commencement in 1947. The marshall plan the cold war 1947 52 3 of 24 youtube. Trachtenbergresponses to cox and kennedypipe responses. Their discussion of the marshall plan, they say, shows that the united states played an important and perhaps leading role in the process that led ultimately to the division of europe and thus to the cold war itself. The cold war was a lengthy struggle between the united states and the soviet union. This subject file focuses on the history of the cold war, a strategic and ideological conflict that opposed the western bloc, led by the united states, and the eastern bloc, led by the soviet union, from 1945 to 1989. Like the battle of bretton woods 20, which recounted how the us created the postsecond world war financial and monetary order, the marshall plan is elegant in style and impressive in insights. The marshall plan, also known as the european recovery program, was a u. They are quite critical of american policy in 1947 and indeed in the postworld war ii. Marshall plan, formally european recovery program 194851, u. Resources for the marshall plan the cold war 19451989.
The cold war was fought with words and threats rather than violent action. One of the main reasons this was done was to stop communism basically the ussr the plan was named after secretary of state george marshall, but the plan was worked out by other people in the state department. The marshall plan rebuilding western europe after ww2. Some new insights prologue article by neil carmichael and brewer thompson. This question is designed to test your ability to work with historic documents. I dont think i have to do much more thanafter what youve heard, i expect therell be a rush toward. The marshall plan and the establishment of the oeec. The marshall plan, sovietamerican relations, and the division of europe. Steils book provides a comprehensive examination of the marshall plan and an important contribution to cold word literature. Understand the importance of the truman doctrine and the marshall plan, which established the pattern for americas postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as southeast asia i. Explaination of marshall plan and impact upon cold war. The marshall plan and cold war political discourse. The marshall plan for rebuilding western europe constitutional.
Cox and kennedypipethe tragedy of american diplomacy. The marshall plan the cold war what is the cold war. Although the two superpowers had worked as allies to defeat germany during world war ii, tensions grew between them after the war, resulting in a standoff over competing visions for the post war world. Truman doctrinemarshall plan international developments. Questioning the marshall plan in the buildup to the cold war. War international history project cwihp disseminates new information and perspectives on the history of the cold war as it. The marshall plan was designed to restore the economic stability of europe nations after world war i by providing them with aid to rebuild ruined crop fields and destroyed infrastructure. His previous book, the prizewinning battle of bretton woods.
The marshall planthe costly and ambitious initiative to revive western europe after world war iimarked the true beginning of the cold war, argues benn steil. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the marshall plan. Born out of postwar realignment, the marshall plan. The european recovery program, part of the economic recovery act of 1948, was from its inception known by the name of its chief proponent and designer.
Although the two superpowers had worked as allies to defeat germany during world war ii, tensions between them grew after the war. Dawn of the cold war by benn steil is a detailed, historical and economic analysis of the famous plan that helped restore western europe after the destruction of world war 2, and keep the soviet union from spreading its destructive and authoritarian designs beyond east berlin. Perhaps the most important policy of the united states in the postwar world, which formed the bedrock of its foreign policy toward europe, was the marshall plan. John maynard keynes, harry dexter white, and the making of a new world order, was called a triumph of economic and diplomatic history by the financial times, a superb history by the wall street journal, and. Benn steil explains the background to the 1947 us aid initiative to europe and considers how it helped shape relations between the usa and ussr. Students can work individually, in pairs or groups. The united states would provide friendly aid in drafting the plan, but this was really the business. Marshall plan, 1948 in the immediate postworld war ii period, europe remained ravaged by war and thus susceptible to exploitation by an internal and external communist threat. Marshall first called for american assistance in restoring the economic infrastructure of europe. The documents date from november 1954 to september 1960 and provide an overview of the nature of the cold war atmosphere which. The marshall plan aimed to defend against the threat of communism in western europe and to ensure that the postwar american economy was not sent into recession by unfavorable economic conditions. The marshall plans aid was available to the soviet union and the eastern bloc. Aims of the marshall plan stop spread of communism help economies of europe recover provide a market for american goods illustration for a booklet by jo spier 19001978, a dutch, jewish artist and writer who had been imprisoned in a german concentration camp during world war ii and who emigrated to the u. Cold war marshall plan answers cold war the marshall.
The marshall plan officially called the european recovery program erp was a plan of the united states for rebuilding the allied countries of europe after world war ii. German chancellor willie brandts thankyou speech, 25 years later. A carefully crafted, inquirybased unit covers seven major topics. The marshall plan was the largescale american program to aid europe where the untied states gave monetary support to help rebuild european economies after the end of world war ii in order to prevent the spread of. If anything defined the 20th century as the age of anxiety, its the cold war with its ultimate nowin nuclear endgame. The cold war and the marshall plan national archives. Benn steil is senior fellow and director of international economics at the council on foreign relations. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Choose from 227 different sets of marshall plan cold war flashcards on quizlet. The marshall plan s aid was available to the soviet union and the eastern bloc.
Each disagreed over battle plans and tactics during the war and the u. The marshall plan the costly and ambitious initiative to revive western europe after world war iimarked the true beginning of the cold war, argues benn steil. Start studying cold war, marshal plan, truman doctrine. Steils new book brings to life the most ambitious development undertaking in history.
Please join the project on prosperity and development at csis for a public conversation with dr. Cold war marshall aid the munich agreement and after. Yalta conference the soviet union and the united states had never really been allies since 1917. Nato plans biggest buildup against russia since the cold war. In a june 5, 1947, speech to the graduating class at harvard university, secretary of state george c. Congresss approval of the marshall plan signaled an extension of the bipartisanship of world war ii into the postwar years. Learn marshall plan cold war with free interactive flashcards. The ussr and the satellite nations of eastern europe established their own economic program called comecon. Marshall plan impact on the cold war essay many essays.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Hungary and czechoslovakia the thawing and end of the cold war sources. Ellwood the myth of the marshall plan has become as forceful as its true historical legacy. In 1955, the plans official historian noted how, from a oneparagraph suggestion by secretary of state george marshall at a harvard graduation ceremony, had sprung a program that evolved. Dawn of the cold war kindle edition by steil, benn. The cold war bill woolwine winter haven senior high summary. Benn steil makes it clear that it was both sides that initiated the cold war in the late 1940s.
The marshall plan berlin airlift warsaw pact and brinkmanship space race chinese civil war korean war vietnam war cambodia and the khmer rouge third world. The marshall plan is invoked whenever policy makers contemplate. Cold war cold war lesson plan central historical question. The two nations at war were the united states and the soviet union. Dawn of the cold war is benn steils second book on global politics and economics in the 1940s. The following question is based on the accompanying documents 17. Cold war cold war summits 20th century stalins early years and mein kampf general prehistory. The soviet union, as expected, turned down the offer and refused to accept aid from the united states. Marshall to rehabilitate the economies of 17 western and southern european countries in order to create stable conditions in which democratic institutions could survive. For the united states, the marshall plan provided markets for american goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in western europe.
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